Managing storage and performance efficiently in your MySQL database is crucial, and general tablespaces offer flexibility in achieving this. This blog discusses general tablespaces and explores their functionalities, benefits, and practical usage, along with illustrative examples.What are MySQL general tablespaces?In contrast to the single system tablespace that holds system tables by default, general tablespaces are […]

MySQL has InnoDB data encryption, and Galera Cluster has supported it since it appeared in the main server. The one thing that was not covered was the encryption of the Galera Cache (the galera.cache file).

Here is a simple extract from the binlog.000001 files.

strings binlog.* |grep Custom |wc -l
10000
strings galera.cache |grep Custom |wc -l
10000

strings galera.cache|tail -10
Customer9100
Customer9099
Customer9098
Customer9097
Customer9096
Customer9095
Customer9094
Customer9093
Customer9092
Customer9091

You need to edit your /etc/my.cnf to include:

early-plugin-load=keyring_file.so
keyring_file_data=/var/lib/mysql-keyring/keyring

Note that in this example we are using the keyring_file plugin, which stores keyring data in a file on the local server host. This is not intended for regulatory compliance. You need to use a key management server that protects encryption keys in key vaults or hardware …

In a post written earlier this year – Percona Server for MySQL Encryption Options and Choices –  I discussed some of the options around encryption in MySQL.  Being such a complex topic, that post was meant to clarify and highlight various aspects of “encryption” at different levels.  I recently had this topic come up again, but specifically around column-level encryption and various options so I wanted to touch on this in more detail.

As of the current release of Percona Server for MySQL, there is no built-in way to define a single column as encrypted.  Ideally, there could be some metadata passed in a create statement and this would just automatically happen, such as this:

CREATE TABLE pii_data ( …

In this blog, we will discuss about how to setup MySQL NDB Cluster replication in a more secure way with the help of binary log and relay log encryption and a secure connection. These measures protect binary log dat in transit and at rest.

Let’s create two MySQL NDB Clusters with the following environment, Here, one will be termed as ‘source’ cluster and the other one will be termed as ‘replica’ cluster.

• MySQL NDB Cluster version (Latest GA version)
• 1 Management node
• 4 Data nodes
• 1 MySQLDs
• Configuration slots for up to 4 additional API nodes

Step 1: Start both of the Clusters

Let’s start both the source cluster and replica cluster but do not start the MySQLD servers from both the clusters as we want to modify their configuration first.
…

As I discussed in some of my recent talks at conferences (at the DOAG for example), MySQL 8 came out with new features which bring lots of improvements in terms of security.

“At-Rest” encryption has been existing from some releases by now:
– InnoDB Tablespace Encryption: by 5.7.11
– Redo and Undo Log Data Encryption: by 8.0.1
Now starting from version 8.0.14, you can also encrypt binary and relay log files. In this blog post we will see how to configure that and we will do some tests.

Case 1: Binary log files are not encrypted

Binary log files encryption is disables by default:

mysql> show variables like 'binlog_encryption';
+-------------------+-------+
| Variable_name     | Value |
+-------------------+-------+
| binlog_encryption | OFF   | …

As I discussed in some of my recent talks at conferences (at the DOAG for example), MySQL 8 came out with new features which bring lots of improvements in terms of security.

“At-Rest” encryption has been existing from some releases by now:
– InnoDB Tablespace Encryption: by 5.7.11
– Redo and Undo Log Data Encryption: by 8.0.1
Now starting from version 8.0.14, you can also encrypt binary and relay log files. In this blog post we will see how to configure that and we will do some tests.

Case 1: Binary log files are not encrypted

Binary log files encryption is disables by default:

mysql> show variables like 'binlog_encryption';
+-------------------+-------+
| Variable_name     | Value |
+-------------------+-------+
| binlog_encryption | OFF   | …

Percona Server for MySQL 8.0 comes with enterprise grade total data encryption features. However, there is always the question of how much overhead – or performance penalty – comes with the data decryption. As we saw in my networking performance post, SSL under high concurrency might be problematic. Is this the case for data decryption?

To measure any overhead, I will start with a simplified read-only workload, where data gets decrypted during read IO.

During query execution, the data in memory is already decrypted so there is no additional processing time. The decryption happens only for blocks that require a read from storage.

For the benchmark I will use the following workload:

sysbench …

Ahead of the PCI move to deprecate the use of ‘early TLS’, we’ve previously taken steps to disable TLSv1.0.

Unfortunately at that time we encountered some issues which led us to rollback these changes. This was to allow users of operating systems that did not – yet – support TLSv1.1 or higher to download Percona packages over TLSv1.0.

Since then, we have been tracking our usage statistics for older operating systems that don’t support TLSv1.1 or higher at https://repo.percona.com. We now receive very few legitimate requests for these downloads.

Consequently,  we are ending support for TLSv1.0 on all Percona web properties.

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One of the new features in MySQL 8.0.14 is support for encrypting the binary logs. While encryption makes the data more secure (provided the key is secret of course), it can make life a bit more difficult in terms of how easy it is to do tasks such as point-in-time recoveries. This blog shows how you can use the binlog_decrypt.py Python script to decrypt the binary logs as long as you have the keyring that was used to encrypt it.

Introduction and Background

João Gramacho wrote a nice blog how you can use standard Linux programs to decrypt the binary logs. This inspired me to consider implementing …

The encrypted binary log file format introduced in MySQL version 8.0.14 was designed to allow a “manual” decryption of the file data when the value of the key that encrypted its file password is known.

Each encrypted binary (or relay) log file is composed by an encrypted binary log file header and the encrypted binary log content (the file data).…