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Displaying posts with tag: Percona Software (reset)
20X Faster Backup Preparation With Percona XtraBackup 8.0.33-28!

In this blog post, we will describe the improvements to Percona XtraBackup 8.0.33-28 (PXB), which significantly reduces the time to prepare the backups before the restore operation. This improvement in Percona XtraBackup significantly reduces the time required for a new node to join the Percona XtraDB Cluster (PXC).

Percona XtraDB Cluster uses Percona XtraBackup to do SST (State Snapshot Transfer) from one node to another. When a new node joins the cluster, SST is performed to receive the data from DONOR to the JOINER. JOINER uses PXB to stream the data directory from DONOR. JOINER must prepare the backup before using it. It is observed that when the DONOR has a huge number of tablespaces (one million),  XtraBackup on JOINER …

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Faster Streaming Backups – Introducing Percona XtraBackup FIFO Parallel Stream

When it comes to backups, there are several options for saving backup files. You can choose to save them locally on the same server, stream them to different servers, or store them in object storage. Percona XtraBackup facilitates streaming through the use of an auxiliary tool called xbcloud.

STDOUT Datasink

This diagram displays the process of streaming a backup to object storage utilizing the current STDOUT datasink:

  • XtraBackup spawns multiple copy threads. Each one will be reading a chunk of data from a specific file.
  • Each copy thread will write the chunk of data to a pipe (aka STDOUT).
  • Xbcloud will have a red thread that will be responsible for reading each chunk of data from STDIN. This chunk will be uploaded to object storage utilizing an async request, and a callback will be added to an …
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An Overview of Indexes in MySQL 8.0: MySQL CREATE INDEX, Functional Indexes, and More

This blog was originally published in January 2022 and was updated in July 2023.

Working with hundreds of different customers, I often face similar problems around running queries. One very common problem when trying to optimize a database environment is index usage. A query that cannot use an index is usually a long-running one, consuming more memory or triggering more disk iops.

A very common case is when a query uses a filter condition against a column that is involved in some kind of functional expression. An index on that column can not be used.

Starting from MySQL 8.0.13, functional indexes are supported. In this article, I will first explain an overview of indexes in MySQL and cover the MySQL CREATE INDEX before diving into showing what functional indexes are and how they work.

Introduction to MySQL Indexes

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Consequences of Forcing Bootstrap on Percona XtraDB Cluster

Recently, I was working on a very unfortunate case that revolved around diverging clusters, data loss, missing important log errors, and forcing commands on Percona XtraDB Cluster (PXC). Even though PXC tries its best to explain what happens in the error log, I can vouch that it can be missed or overlooked when you do not know what to expect.

This blog post is a warning tale, an invitation to try yourself and break stuff (not in production, right?).

TLDR:
Do you know right away what happened when seeing this log?

2023-06-22T08:23:29.003334Z 0 [ERROR] [MY-000000] [Galera] gcs/src/gcs_group.cpp:group_post_state_exchange():433: Reversing history: 171 -> 44, this member has applied 127 more events than the primary component.Data loss is possible. Must abort.

Demonstration

Using the …

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Backup and Restore Using MySQL Shell

MySQL Shell is an advanced client and code editor for MySQL. In addition to the provided SQL functionality, similar to MySQL, MySQL Shell provides scripting capabilities for JavaScript and Python and includes APIs for working with MySQL. The X DevAPI enables you to work with both relational and document data, and MySQL Shell 8.0 is highly recommended for use with MySQL Server 8.0 and 5.7.

MySQL Shell includes utilities for working with MySQL. To access the utilities from within MySQL Shell, use the util global object, which is available in JavaScript and Python modes, but not SQL mode. These are the utilities to take a backup; let’s see some basic commands.

  • util.dumpTables – Dump one or more tables from single database
  • util.dumpSchemas – Dump one or more databases
  • util.dumpInstance – Dump full instance
  • util.loadDump – Restore dump

1. Single table …

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Is My Backup Stuck? A Quick Guide for Reviewing Percona XtraBackup Threads

In Percona Managed Services, one key aspect of managing the databases is configuring backups. Percona XtraBackup is one of the best tools for performing physical database backups.

It is a good practice to compress the backups to save costs on storage and to encrypt the backups so those can’t be used if the files are compromised as long as you keep your encryption keys safe!

Percona XtraBackup supports both compression and encryption of the backups. When the data is too big (tens of TB and more), the backups can take several hours or even days to complete. In order to speed up the backup process along with the compression and encryption, we can use multiple threads. We can specify the number of threads to be used for each operation (copy, compression, …

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MySQL Key Performance Indicators (KPI) With PMM

As a MySQL database administrator, keeping a close eye on the performance of your MySQL server is crucial to ensure optimal database operations. A monitoring tool like Percona Monitoring and Management (PMM) is a popular choice among open source options for effectively monitoring MySQL performance.

However, simply deploying a monitoring tool is not enough; you need to know which Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) to monitor to gain insights into your MySQL server’s health and performance.

In this blog, we will explore various MySQL KPIs that are basic and essential to track using monitoring tools like PMM. We will also discuss related configuration variables to consider that can impact these KPIs, helping you gain a comprehensive understanding of your MySQL server’s performance and efficiency.

Let’s dive in …

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Proof of Concept: Horizontal Write Scaling for MySQL With Kubernetes Operator

Historically MySQL is great in horizontal READ scale. The scaling, in that case, is offered by the different number of Replica nodes, no matter if using standard asynchronous replication or synchronous replication.

However, those solutions do not offer the same level of scaling for writes operation.

Why? Because the solutions still rely on writing in one single node that works as Primary. Also, in the case of multi-Primary, the writes will be distributed by transaction. In both cases, when using virtually-synchronous replication, the process will require certification from each node and local (by node) write; as such, the number of writes is NOT distributed across multiple nodes but duplicated.

The main reason behind this is that MySQL is a relational database system (RDBMS), and any data that is going to be written in it must respect the RDBMS …

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How To Use pt-secure-collect for Capturing Data in a Secure Way From the OS and Database System

Sometimes crucial data sharing is avoided because of compliance rules, organizational policies, or numerous security concerns. The common use cases involve sharing pt-mysql-summary, pt-stalk, and other OS-related details to assist Support Engineers or any other third-party team troubleshoot database-related issues.

In this context, pt-secure-collect is a very important utility from Percona, which helps capture the required information securely and also provides aid in masking the existing information.

Pt-secure-collect helps in collecting, sanitizing, and encrypting data from various sources. By default, this utility collects the output with the help of pt-stalk, pt-summary, and pt-mysql-summary.

Let’s see how this tool …

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Upgrading to MySQL 8: Tools That Can Help

As we approach end of life for MySQL 5.7 later this year, many businesses are currently working towards upgrading to MySQL 8. Such major version upgrades are rarely simple, but thankfully there are tools that can help smooth the process and ensure a successful upgrade.

It should be noted that while the technical aspects of the upgrade process are beyond the scope of this blog post, it is crucial to create a testing environment to verify the upgrade before proceeding to upgrade your production servers, particularly with MySQL 8. 

As there is no procedure for downgrading from MySQL 8 other than restoring a backup, testing and validation are more critical than previous major version …

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