During the last MySQL & HeatWave Summit, Wim Coekaerts announced that a new optimizer is available and is already enabled in MySQL HeatWave. Let’s have a quick look at it and how to use it. The first step is to verify that Hypergraph is available: The statement won’t return any error if the Hypergraph Optimizer […]

Uninterrupted IT is vital. MySQL Reference Architectures for High Availability offers blueprints to ensure your MySQL databases are always available, minimizing costly downtime. From Bronze to Platinum, these tiers provide tailored solutions for on-premises, cloud, or hybrid environments.

Setting up an InnoDB Cluster requires three key components: Group Replication, MySQL Shell, and MySQL Router. In the previous post, we covered the process of building a 3-node InnoDB Cluster. In this post, we shift our focus to configuring MySQL Router and validating failover functionality. Environment overview We are using three InnoDB Cluster nodes along […]

In this blog post, we will describe typical usage scenarios for dictionary operations in the Data Masking Component, which is available in Percona Server for MySQL as an open source alternative to Oracle’s enterprise version. In particular, we will consider the following functions. gen_dictionary() – a function that returns a random term from a dictionary. gen_blocklist() – […]

MySQL Enterprise Monitor, aka MEM, retired in January 2025, after almost 20 years of exemplary service! What’s next? Of course, plenty of alternatives exist, open source, proprietary, and on the cloud. For MySQL customers, we provide two alternatives: This post focuses on the latter, as there is no apparent reason to deploy an Oracle Database […]

Every year new cohorts of programmers, DBAs, managers, and more learn MySQL. After MySQL and HeatWave Summit 2025 a few weeks ago, I realized what job needs to be done for these people and how I could help them make progress: revamping this website to focus on “the path”.

Context

This is why you need to learn about MySQL server metrics, especially InnoDB metrics:

MySQL metrics are closely related to MySQL performance—that’s obvious. After all, the purpose of metrics in any system is to measure and report how the system is operating. What’s not obvious is how they are related. It’s not unreasonable if you currently see MySQL metrics as a black box with metrics inside that, in some way, indicate something about MySQL.

That view is not unreasonable (or uncommon) because MySQL metrics are often discussed but never taught. Even in my career with MySQL, I have never read or heard an exposition of MySQL metrics—and I have worked with people who created them. The lack of pedagogy for MySQL metrics is due to a false presumption that metrics do not require understanding or interpretation because their meaning is self-evident. That presumption has a semblance of truth when considering a …

MySQL provides the MySQL Community Edition, the Open-Source version. In addition, there is the Enterprise Edition for our Commercial customers and MySQL HeatWave, our managed database service (DBaaS) on the cloud (OCI, AWS, etc.). But do you know developers can freely use MySQL Enterprise for non-commercial use? The full range of MySQL Enterprise Edition features […]

MySQL is one of the world’s most popular and widely used relational database management systems (RDBMS). Developed in 1995 by ...

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Sometimes, MySQL throws an error like this:

Host ‘…’ is blocked because of many connection errors

Unblock with ‘mysqladmin flush-hosts’

This typically means that MySQL has blocked a host after too many connection errors. The usual fix is to run:

mysqladmin flush-hosts

or

mysql> FLUSH HOSTS; /* deprecated since 8.0.23; invalid in 8.4 */
mysql> TRUNCATE TABLE performance_schema.host_cache; /* recommended since 5.6.5 */

A host is blocked, because of many connection errors, specifically more connection errors than max_connect_errors.

So

• what counts as a connection error?
• what is counted per what?
• and how is the error count cleared?

…