"Split Brain" is the term commonly used for a cluster whose nodes have different contents, rather than identical as they should have. Typically, a "split brain" situation is the DBA's nightmare, and the Galera software is designed to avoid it. Galera is very successful in that avoidance, and it needs some special steps by the DBA to achieve "split brain". Here is how to do it - or, for most DBAs, what to avoid doing to not get a split-brain cluster.
Galera's Design
First, let's remember how Galera is operating:
- The Galera software ensures that all nodes participating in a cluster will start from identical contents, by doing a "snapshot state transfer" (SST) of all current data to a newly joining node.
- When the cluster is running, Galera transfers all changes (transactions) to all cluster nodes and applies them (or rolls back and ignores, in the case of a conflict).
- If some connections get …