In the past I have written about MySQL's limitations that prevent you from creating an index over a certain length, or with more than a certain number of columns. I've offered some solutions for those problems, but many of my solutions hit another limit further down the line. For example innodb_large_prefix allows you to create an index on larger columns, but only up to 3072 bytes, and my workarounds for the 16 column limit per index will also hit that 3072 byte limit once you add lots of columns or add some very long columns.

Today I'm going to suggest a …

Heterogenous replication involves moving data from one database platform to another. This is a complicated endevour because datatypes, date & time formats, and a whole lot more tend to differ across platforms. In fact it’s so complex many enterprises simply employ a commercial solution to take away the drudgery. Join 31,000 others and follow Sean … Continue reading Replicate MySQL to Amazon Redshift with Tungsten: The good, the bad & the ugly →

“MySQL’s JSON data type is great! But how do you index the JSON data?” I was recently presenting at the CakePHP Cakefest Conference and was asked that very question. And I had to admit I had not been able to play, er, experiment with the JSON datatype to that level. Now I have and it is fairly easy.

1. Create a simple table
mysql> desc colors;
+--------------+----------+------+-----+---------+-------------------+
| Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
+--------------+----------+------+-----+---------+-------------------+
| popular_name | char(10) | YES | | NULL | |
| hue | json | YES | | NULL | |
+--------------+----------+------+-----+---------+-------------------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)

2. Add in some data
INSERT INTO `colors` VALUES ('red','{\"value\": \"f00\"}'),('green','{\"value\": …

In this blog entry I’d like to describe how you might be able to improve how MySQL performs on Windows by ensuring that you take advantage of a Windows specific configuration setting.

On Unix systems, MySQL programs treat the localhost host name specially. For connections to localhost, MySQL programs attempt to connect to the local server by using a Unix socket file, which has some performance advantages over a TCP/IP connection. Windows does not support Unix sockets, however, and hence does not benefit from this optimisation.

However, the use of shared memory connections on Windows can offer significant performance improvements over the use of TCP/IP connections. Shared memory connections are obviously only useful when both the MySQL client and server processes are executing on the same machine, but when …

Greetings everyone! Let’s discuss a 3rd Party auditing solution to MySQL and how we can leverage MongoDB® to make sense out of all of that data.

The McAfee MySQL Audit plugin does a great job of capturing, at low level, activities within a MySQL server. It does this through some non-standard APIs which is why installing and configuring the plugin can be a bit difficult. The audit information is stored in JSON format, in a text file, by default.

There is 1 JSON object for each action that takes place within MySQL. If a user logs in, there’s an object. If that user queries a table, there’s an object. Imagine 1000 active connections from an application, each doing 2 queries per second. That’s 2000 JSON objects per second being written to the audit log. After 24 hours, that would be almost 173,000,000 audit entries!

How does one make sense of that many JSON objects? One option would be to write your own parser in …

This isn’t really a feature we should brag about, because it’s a bug that took us a while to figure out, but we believe in sharing the bad as well as the good. There’s a lot to learn from TCP reassembly and protocol reverse engineering!

We received a request from a customer to help track down the user that was sending some queries to their database. Normally we can find this information easily: the user is one of the properties of query samples, and we can just click on a sample and see it. But for this particular customer, the user was always unknown_user.

This means we weren’t able to figure out what database user was issuing the query. Normally there are two ways we can figure out what the user is:

1. We see the connection handshake and capture the username from there.
2. We see a COM_CHANGE_USER packet and capture it from that (rare).

Our theory was that …

The MySQL 5.7.7 JSON lab release has been getting a lot of attention. At a recent conference, I was cornered by a developer who wanted to jump in with both feet by running this release on his laptop on the flight home. However the developer was not sure how to begin.

1. Down load the MySQL JSON release from http://labs.mysql.com/. You will get the choice of a Linux binary or source code. Please grab the binary if you are using Linux and un-gzip/tar the download.

2. Shut down the current running version of MySQL. I was lucky in this case that the developer was using a recent copy of Ubuntu.

3. Change directory to the ~/Downloads/mysql-5.7.7-labs-json-linux-el6-x86_64 directory.

4. sudo ./bin/mysqld_safe –user=mysql&

5. ./bin/mysql -u root -p, then provde the …

It is not uncommon that developers, network/system administrators, or DevOps folks with general backgrounds, find themselves in a DBA role at some point in their career. So, what does a DBA do? In the previous post, we covered monitoring and trending practices, as well as some popular tools that you might find handy in your day to day work. 

We’ll continue this blog series with another basic but crucial DBA responsibility - taking backups of your data. Backup and restore is one of the most important aspects of database administration. If a database crashed and there was no way to recovery it, any resulting data loss might lead to devasting results to a business. One could argue that you can protect against crashes by replicating to multiple servers or data centers. But if it is an application error that propagates to all …

Ever since MySQL replication has existed, people have dreamed of a good solution to automatically split read from write operations, sending the writes to the MySQL master and load balancing the reads over a set of MySQL slaves. While if at first it seems easy to solve, the reality is far more complex.

First, the tool needs to make sure it parses and analyses correctly all the forms of SQL MySQL supports in order to sort writes from reads, something that is not as easy as it seems. Second, it needs to take into account if a session is in a transaction or not.

While in a transaction, the default transaction isolation level in InnoDB, Repeatable-read, and the MVCC framework insure that you’ll get a consistent view for the duration of the transaction. That means all statements executed inside a transaction must run on the master but, when the transaction commits or rollbacks, the following select statements on the session can be again …

For the majority of us who have grown accustomed to a Windows environment over the years, Linux can seem like another world. In essence, Linux is a free open-source operating system that has gained increasing popularity since its release in 1991. Linux is based on the whole Unix ecosystem of operating systems that grew out of Bell Laboratories in the early 1970s. Linux has been around for almost 25 years and grew immensely in the late 1990s and early 2000s when it became associated with the LAMP web development stack; Linux stands for the ‘L’ in the acronym of popular tools, along with Apache, MySQL, and PHP/Perl/Python.

The main difference that …