This tutorial explains MySQL LOWER()/LCASE() functions which convert the upper case characters of a string to the LOWER case. We’ll describe the functioning of this method with the help of simple examples. 1. LOWER()/LCASE() Syntax 2. LOWER()/LCASE() to convert text to lower case 3. LOWER()/LCASE() on table data 4. LOWER()/LCASE() on binary text Let’s now […]

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This tutorial explains MySQL UPPER()/UCASE() functions which convert the lower case characters of a string to upper case. We’ll describe the functioning of this method with the help of simple examples. 1. UPPER()/UCASE() Syntax 2. UPPER()/UCASE() to convert text to upper case 3. UPPER()/UCASE() on table data 4. UPPER()/UCASE() on binary text Let’s now go through each of the section one by one. MySQL UPPER()/UCASE() Functions As stated initially, UPPER() is a built-in MySQL function which changes a string value to upper case. So, let’s now see the details and check out how can we use it. Syntax Below is

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This tutorial explains MySQL ORDER BY clause and its usage with both the ASC and DESC options. We’ll describe this MySQL statement with the help of simple examples. 1. ORDER BY Clause Syntax 2. ORDER BY W/O ASC or DESC 3. ORDER BY DESC 4. ORDER BY Relative Position 5. ORDER BY Two Fields ASC & DESC Let’s now go through each of the section one by one. MySQL ORDER BY Clause The MySQL SELECT command doesn’t return a sorted result set by default. Hence, to sort the output, you have to append the ORDER BY clause in the SELECT

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This tutorial explains all MySQL data types, their characteristics, and min, max as well as possible default values. We’ll describe their usages so that you can use them efficiently for creating schemas and tables. A MySQL table can have one or more fields with specific data types such as a string or date. However, there are more available in MySQL to ease up your job of collecting and storing data. It is also crucial that you understand which data type should you use and when. Here are some standard goals that define them what do they represent: 1. The data,

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This tutorial explains MySQL TIMESTAMP and TIMESTAMP field characteristics such as automated initialization and updating. We’ll describe their usages with the help of simple examples. 1. TIMESTAMP Syntax 2. TIMESTAMP Simple Examples 3. Set Timezone and Use Timestamp 4. Auto Init and Update Timestamp Let’s now go through each of the section one by one. MySQL TIMESTAMP The MySQL TIMESTAMP is a transient data type that contains a mixture of date and time. It is exactly 19 characters long. The structure of a TIMESTAMP field is as follows: Syntax # MySQL Timestamp YYYY-MM-DD HH:MM:SS The TIMESTAMP value shows in UTC

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This tutorial explains the MySQL INSERT command to insert single and multiple rows in a table. Here, you’ll find some unique ways with different variations for adding records with fully working examples. 1. INSERT Statement Syntax 2. INSERT Single Row 3. INSERT Default Values 3. INSERT Date Columns 4. INSERT Multiple Rows Let’s now read and understand each of the section one by one. MySQL INSERT statement As stated initially, the INSERT command is a built-in MySQL statement which inserts the specified records into a given table. So, let’s first check the details and see how to use the INSERT

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This tutorial explains the use of MySQL aggregate functions like AVG, COUNT, SUM, MAX, MIN with the help of simple examples. Aggregate functions are a bunch of methods that operate on a set of values. They can do calculations for us and then returns one final value. For example, you may like to compute the sum of the data values in a given field. The following are aggregate functions that we are covering in this tutorial. 1. COUNT function 2. MIN function 3. MAX function 4. SUM function 5. AVG function MySQL Aggregate Functions with Examples Before we go through

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This tutorial explains MySQL OPTIMIZE TABLE statement which defrags tables and recovers unused space. We’ll describe the complete usage of this method with the help of simple examples. If your database is receiving a lot of deletes and updates calls, then it might lead to fragmentation in your MySQL data files. Therefore, a lot of unused space would go in vain, and also put a high impact on the performance. So, experts recommend that you must defrag your MySQL tables regularly. Hence, we’ll today explain how to use the MySQL OPTIMIZE TABLE to defrag tables and free up space. MySQL OPTIMIZE

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This tutorial explains MySQL CONCAT() which is a built-in String function. It takes variable no. of strings as input and concatenates them together. We’ll describe the usages of this method with the help of simple examples. MySQL string concatenation is more user-friendly than other databases such as PostgreSQL or Oracle. They provide a string concatenation operator “||” instead of a proper function. However, MS SQL server does the same job using the addition arithmetic operator (+). 1. CONCAT() Syntax 2. CONCAT() Simple Examples 4. CONCAT() with Tables Let’s now go through each of the section one by one. MySQL CONCAT()

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This tutorial explains MySQL DROP TABLE statement which deletes the specified tables from the in-use database. We’ll describe several usages of this method with the help of simple examples. 1. DROP TABLE Syntax 2. DROP TABLE If Exist 3. DROP TABLE Matching Pattern 4. DROP TABLE Full Example Let’s now read and understand each of the section one by one. MySQL DROP TABLE statement As stated initially, the DROP TABLE is a built-in MySQL statement which removes a specified table from the database. So, let’s first check the details and see how to use the DROP command. But first, create

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