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Displaying posts with tag: Benchmarks (reset)
MySQL Challenge: 100k Connections

In this post, I want to explore a way to establish 100,000 connections to MySQL. Not just idle connections, but executing queries.

100,000 connections. Is that really needed for MySQL, you may ask? Although it may seem excessive, I have seen a lot of different setups in customer deployments. Some deploy an application connection pool, with 100 application servers and 1,000 connections in each pool. Some applications use a “re-connect and repeat if the query is too slow” technique, which is a terrible practice. It can lead to a snowball effect, and could establish thousands of connections to MySQL in a matter of seconds.

So now I want to set an overachieving goal and see if we can achieve it.

Setup

For this I will use the following hardware:

Bare metal server provided by packet.net, instance size: c2.medium.x86
Physical Cores @ 2.2 GHz
(1 X AMD EPYC 7401P)
Memory: 64 GB of …

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Measuring Percona Server for MySQL On-Disk Decryption Overhead

Percona Server for MySQL 8.0 comes with enterprise grade total data encryption features. However, there is always the question of how much overhead – or performance penalty – comes with the data decryption. As we saw in my networking performance post, SSL under high concurrency might be problematic. Is this the case for data decryption?

To measure any overhead, I will start with a simplified read-only workload, where data gets decrypted during read IO.

During query execution, the data in memory is already decrypted so there is no additional processing time. The decryption happens only for blocks that require a read from storage.

For the benchmark I will use the following workload:

sysbench …
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MySQL 8 is not always faster than MySQL 5.7

MySQL 8.0.15 performs worse in sysbench oltp_read_write than MySQL 5.7.25

Initially I was testing group replication performance and was puzzled why MySQL 8.0.15 performs consistently worse than MySQL 5.7.25.

It appears that a single server instance is affected by a performance degradation.

My testing setup

Hardware details:
Bare metal server provided by packet.net, instance size: c2.medium.x86
24 Physical Cores @ 2.2 GHz
(1 X AMD EPYC 7401P)
Memory: 64 GB of ECC RAM

Storage : INTEL® SSD DC S4500, 480GB

This is a server grade SATA SSD.

Benchmark

sysbench oltp_read_write --report-interval=1 --time=1800 --threads=24 --tables=10 --table-size=10000000 --mysql-user=root --mysql-socket=/tmp/mysql.sock run

In the following summary I used these combinations:

  • innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit=0 or 1
  • Binlog: …
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How Network Bandwidth Affects MySQL Performance

Network is a major part of a database infrastructure. However, often performance benchmarks are done on a local machine, where a client and a server are collocated – I am guilty myself. This is done to simplify the setup and to exclude one more variable (the networking part), but with this we also miss looking at how network affects performance.

The network is even more important for clustering products like Percona XtraDB Cluster and MySQL Group Replication. Also, we are working on our Percona XtraDB Cluster Operator for Kubernetes and OpenShift, where network performance is critical for overall …

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ClickHouse Performance Uint32 vs Uint64 vs Float32 vs Float64

While implementing ClickHouse for query executions statistics storage in Percona Monitoring and Management (PMM),  we were faced with a question of choosing the data type for metrics we store. It came down to this question: what is the difference in performance and space usage between Uint32, Uint64, Float32, and Float64 column types?

To test this, I created a test table with an abbreviated and simplified version of the main table in our ClickHouse Schema.

The “number of queries” is stored four times in four different columns to be able to benchmark queries referencing different columns.  We can do this with ClickHouse because it is a column store and it works only with columns referenced by the query. This method would not be appropriate for testing on …

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Percona Database Performance Blog 2018 Year in Review: Top Blog Posts

Let’s look at some of the most popular Percona Database Performance Blog posts in 2018.

The closing of a year lends itself to looking back. And making lists. With the Percona Database Performance Blog, Percona staff and leadership work hard to provide the open source community with insights, technical support, predictions and metrics around multiple open source database software technologies. We’ve had nearly 4 million visits to the blog in 2018: thank you! We look forward to providing you with even better articles, news and information in 2019.

As 2018 moves into 2019, let’s take a quick look back at some of the most popular posts on the blog this year.

Top 10 Most Read

These posts had the most number of views (working down from the highest):

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My Slides about MySQL 8.0 Performance from #OOW18 and #PerconaLIVE 2018


As promised, here are slides about MySQL 8.0 Performance from my talks at Oracle Open World 2018 and Percona LIVE Europe 2018 -- all is combined into a single PDF file to give you an overall summary about what we already completed, where we're going in the next updates within our "continuous release", and what kind of performance issues we're digging right now.. ;-))
Also, I'd like to say that both Conferences were simply awesome, and it's great to see a constantly growing level of skills of all MySQL Users attending these Conferences ! -- hope you'll have even more fun with MySQL 8.0 now ;-))

Scaling Percona Monitoring and Management (PMM)

Starting with PMM 1.13,  PMM uses Prometheus 2 for metrics storage, which tends to be heaviest resource consumer of CPU and RAM.  With Prometheus 2 Performance Improvements, PMM can scale to more than 1000 monitored nodes per instance in default configuration. In this blog post we will look into PMM scaling and capacity planning—how to estimate the resources required, and what drives resource consumption.

We have now tested PMM with up to 1000 nodes, using a virtualized system with 128GB of memory, 24 virtual cores, and SSD storage. We found PMM scales pretty linearly with the available memory and CPU cores, and we believe that a higher number of nodes could be …

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Scaling IO-Bound Workloads for MySQL in the Cloud – part 2

This post is a followup to my previous article https://www.percona.com/blog/2018/08/29/scaling-io-bound-workloads-mysql-cloud/

In this instance, I want to show the data in different dimensions, primarily to answer questions around how throughput scales with increasing IOPS.

A recap: for the test I use Amazon instances and Amazon gp2 and io1 volumes. In addition to the original post, I also tested two gpl2 volumes combined in software RAID0. I did this for the following reason: Amazon cap the single gp2 volume throughput to 160MB/sec, and as we will see from the charts, this limits InnoDB performance.

Also, a reminder from the previous post: we can increase gp2 IOPS by increasing volume size (to the top limit 10000 IOPS), and for io1 we can increase IOPS by paying per additional IOPS.

Scaling with InnoDB …

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Prometheus 2 Times Series Storage Performance Analyses

Prometheus 2 time series database (TSDB) is an amazing piece of engineering, offering a dramatic improvement compared to “v2” storage in Prometheus 1 in terms of ingest performance, query performance and resource use efficiency. As we’ve been adopting Prometheus 2 in Percona Monitoring and Management (PMM), I had a chance to look into the performance of Prometheus 2 TSDB. This blog post details my observations.

Understanding the typical Prometheus workload

For someone who has spent their career working with general purpose databases, the typical workload of Prometheus is quite interesting. The ingest rate tends to remain very …

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